In Evan Thomas's recent book, The War Lovers, he chronicles the "monumental turning point" of the U.S. declaration of war against Spain in 1898, and the small yet significant actions taken by President Theodore Roosevelt that showcased his willingness to prioritize diplomacy over military force in foreign policy.
One key example of Roosevelt's diplomatic approach was his involvement in the negotiation of the Treaty of Portsmouth, which ended the Russo-Japanese War in 1905. Rather than resorting to military intervention, Roosevelt facilitated peace talks between the two nations, ultimately earning him a Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts.
Additionally, Roosevelt's establishment of the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine in 1904 demonstrated his commitment to using diplomacy as a means of maintaining stability in the Western Hemisphere. By asserting the United States' right to intervene in Latin American affairs to prevent European intervention, Roosevelt aimed to promote peaceful resolutions to potential conflicts.
Furthermore, Roosevelt's role in mediating the Venezuela Crisis of 1902-1903 highlighted his diplomatic prowess. Rather than resorting to military action against European powers involved in the dispute, Roosevelt successfully brokered a peaceful resolution that preserved Venezuelan sovereignty while upholding U.S. interests in the region.
In his negotiations with Colombia over the construction of the Panama Canal, Roosevelt demonstrated his willingness to engage in diplomatic discussions to achieve mutually beneficial outcomes. By brokering the Hay–Herrán Treaty in 1903, Roosevelt paved the way for the eventual construction of the canal without resorting to military force.
Roosevelt's approach to foreign policy also extended to his efforts to promote conservation and environmental diplomacy. Through initiatives such as the establishment of national parks and wildlife refuges, Roosevelt sought to foster international cooperation on environmental issues, showcasing his commitment to peaceful and sustainable solutions.
Despite his reputation as a staunch advocate for military preparedness, Roosevelt's actions in foreign policy revealed a nuanced approach that prioritized diplomacy and negotiation over military force. By leveraging his diplomatic skills and engaging in constructive dialogue with foreign powers, Roosevelt left a lasting legacy of peaceful resolution and international cooperation.
